Solomon Shereshevsky 以超级记忆力闻名

memex 外部记忆机器，汇总全部个人资料

• [[Douglas Engelbart]] augmentation of human intelligence

• [[Ted Nelson]] [[Project Xanadu]] hypertext, and, indirectly

• Tim Berners-Lee world wide web

Anki makes memory a choice , rather than a haphazard event , to be left to chance.

• I describe some useful patterns of Anki use , and anti-patterns to avoid.
  But, as we shall see, there are already powerful ideas about personal memory systems based solely on the structuring and presentation of information.
• 从信息组织和展示的角度入手。

[[@Part I: How to remember almost anything: the Anki system]]

[[@Part II: Personal Memory Systems More Broadly]]

[[@Appendix 1: analysis of Anki study time]] Here’s a ballpark analysis of the effort required to study an Anki card for recall over 20 years

• 估算一张卡片记住 20 年需要花费的时间成本

[[@Appendix 2: Using Anki to learn APIs]]

Using spaced repetition systems to see through a piece of mathematics ^^{有点琐碎，是的我认知不够}^

两个问题

• how important is memory as a cognitive skill ？

• what is the role of [[cognitive science]] in building personal memory systems ?
  How important is long-term memory, anyway?

• “rote memory” 比理解更低级？

• memory is the foundation of our cognition

  • My somewhat pious belief was that if people focused more on remembering the basics , and worried less about the “difficult” high-level issues , they’d find the high-level issues took care of themselves.

  • I now believe memory of the basics is often the single largest barrier to understanding

  • 熟悉新领域基础知识有助于理解

  • Adriaan de Groot and [[Herbert A. Simon]] studying how people acquire expertise, focusing particularly on chess

    • They found that world-class chess experts saw the board differently to beginners. 大师和新手看到的棋盘不一样

      • A beginner would see “a pawn here, a rook there”, and so on, a series of individual pieces.
      • Masters, by contrast, saw much more elaborate “ chunks ”: combinations of pieces that they recognized as a unit, and were able to reason about at a higher level of abstraction than the individual pieces.
      • 有关国际象棋大师和新手的区别：专家拥有更加复杂的 chunks

    • Simon estimated chess masters learn between 25,000 and 100,000 of these chunks during their training, and that learning the chunks was a key element in becoming a first-rate chess player. Such players really see chess positions very differently from beginners.

    • [[@刻意练习]]里面也要提到过

    • George Miller 论文 The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two，提出 chunks was effectively the  basic unit of working memory

• distributed practice meaning :-> practice which is distributed in time

  • Hermann Ebbinghaus

  • Ebbinghaus forgetting curve 遗忘曲线

On the role of cognitive science in the design of systems to augment cognition

• they show emphatically that distributed practice outperforms massed practice

• 反例子：某些技能在一定时间后会增强

  • we learn to swim during the winter and to skate during the summer.

  • an 1895 study of Axel Oehrn

• memory is complicated , we don’t understand many of the big picture questions well, and we should be careful before we put too much faith in any given model.
  + memory is complicated 还需要时间去理解相关的内容

• 如何在理论不完善的背景下，开始设计系统？